Geophysical Well Logging

Density: This well log is a radioactivity log based on the principle of measuring the return amount by sending Gamma rays into the formation. It is measured with the help of gamma-gamma instrument.

The amount of return of gamma rays is related to the electron density of the atoms in the formation, which is the actual density of the formation. The presence of gas in the formation decreases the density and gives a high porosity value.

APPLICATIONS

• Cement Pile Testing
• Dam and Foundation Testing
• In-situ Density
• Petrophysical Properties
• Mineral Quality and Delineation
• Lithology Analysis

Neutron: During this well log acquisition, the formation is bombarded by neutron by a radioactive source. As a result of this bombardment, depending on the amount of hydrogen in it, gamma rays emerge from the rock and these are recorded by a receiver on the probe.

APPLICATIONS

• Quantitative In-situ Porosity
• Petrophysical Properties
• Aquifer Quality and Delineation
• Moisture Content of Unsaturated Matrix
• Used with other logs, can detect gas zones and identify gas-liquid contacts

Resistivity: The resistivity of a rock is its resistance to electric current. The current is transmitted by salts that have melted in the layer water in the pores of the rock. Therefore, as the porosity of the rock increases or the layer salinity increases, its resistivity decreases.

APPLICATIONS

• Bed boundary analysis
• Facies changes
• Quantitative geological formation properties
• Identification of Hydrostratigraphic units
• Aquifer thickness and Water quality
• Hydrocarbon intervals, Ore body zones, In-situ Uranium assay
• Fluid contaminant monitoring, Soil horizons, Grain size estimation

SP (Natural Potential): It measures the electrical potential formed by the interaction of SP log layer water and conductive drilling mud and shale.

APPLICATIONS

• Bed boundary analysis
• Facies changes
• Quantitative geological formation properties
• Identification of Hydrostratigraphic units
• Aquifer thickness and Water quality
• Hydrocarbon intervals, Ore body zones, In-situ Uranium assay
• Fluid contaminant monitoring, Soil horizons, Grain size estimation

Optical Televiewer (OBI): This camera produces a continuous and oriented image at 360 ° of the well walls using an optical system. The lighting is provided by a series of LEDs on the optical element, while the CCD camera records the image through prism.

The scanned image of the borehole is then developed on the plane and is oriented relative to the magnetic north. In the developed image, cross structures such as fractures and joints correspond to sinusoidal scars.

The optical camera works in clean water conditions or dry well and needs to be centralized on the hole.

APPLICATIONS

• Detailed and oriented structural information
• Reference for core orientation
• Fracture detection and evaluation
• Breakout analysis
• Detection of thin beds
• Determination of bedding dip
• Lithology and mineralogical characterization
• Casing inspection

Acoustic Televiewer (ABI): The acoustic scanner transmits the ultrasonic pulses from the wake-up sensor, creating a 360 ° continuous and oriented view of the borehole walls. It can simultaneously record the amplitude and movement times of the reflected signals in the interface between liquid and rock formations.

The device is equipped with a steering system and needs to be centralized. The BHTV tool must contain a liquid in the borehole. It also works in muddy water conditions.

APPLICATIONS

• Detailed and oriented caliper and structural information
• Borehole deformation (stress field analysis)
• Fracture detection and evaluation
• Breakout analysis
• Detection of thin beds
• Determination of bedding dip
• Lithology characterizations
• Rock strength
• Casing inspection and corrosion evaluation
• Steel casing thickness

Full Waveform Sonic (FWS):Sonic tool uses sound transmission parameters from rock formations. An acoustic source produces a pressure pulse transmitted to the fluid in the hole and then to rock formations.

Receivers record the arrival of different wave types, which allows to calculate the inverse of the propagation speed of the compression waves (P), shear waves (S) and Stoneley waves (St). The device works in boreholes filled with a liquid and needs to be centralized.

APPLICATIONS

• Cased hole: Cement Bond Logging (CBL)
• Porosity and permeability evaluation
• Lithology identification
• Variation of rock strength
• Calculation of rock mechanical properties: Elastic moduli, Poisson’s ratio, Shear modulus, Young’s modulus, Bulk modulus and compressibility
• Identification and hydraulic characterization of fractures
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Gyro Deviatio :It is a log system that gives information about the slope and direction of the well.

Enerson Well Log Services records high accuracy for the mine exploration industry with well slope-direction surveys and acoustic and optical imaging.

Cement Bond Log (CBL):It determines whether the gap between the casing pipe and the formation is filled by cement, if any, the gaps.

Arm Caliper :The tools that measure the diameter of the well are used for determining the lithology and crack determination, while revealing the geometry of the well, as well as the quality control of other logs and the calculation of the amount of cement to be pressed into the well.

Fluid Temperature + Conductivity:It measures the geothermic gradient, which is the amount of temperature increase in the well, in order to examine fluid movements in wells with or without pipes.